20^th Annual World Dental Summit March 20-22, 2017 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Professor Ridwaan Omar obtained his academic and professional education at Guy’s Hospital Dental School, University of London and the Eastman Dental Institute, Unuiversity of London. He is the Head of Prosthodontics and serves as Vice Dean for Academic and Clinical Affairs. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of several scholarly international journals repute.        

Abstract:

Tooth wear has for long received much attention in an anthropological context. In contrast, the dental literature had afforded it less attention – until about the mid-1990s, when reports began appearing about the very high prevalence, in children and in adolescents, of tooth wear, due in the main to dental erosion. These findings appear to have triggered a strong interest in the subject, and over the past 10 years approximately 1500 publications have appeared in the PubMed database using the search terms "tooth erosion" OR "tooth abrasion" OR "tooth attrition". This represents a 50% increase over the preceding decade, in research covering the various areas of the field.

This presentation will briefly highlight some of the key areas of current interest, including topics such as mechanisms of wear, diagnosis, effects arising from systemic diseases – but in the main the focus will be on the different aspects of the management of the worn dentition.

From the traditional invasive approach to managing tooth wear, treatment nowadays is increasingly aimed at correcting or improving the effects of wear by a minimally-invasive nature. Therapeutic approaches, including novel ones arising from the rapid developments in dental materials science, will be reviewed. The need for more clinical trials on these newer approaches will be stressed.

Biography:

Rafael L F Figueiredo worked as a Researcher and an Instructor at University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry. He completed his MSc in 2011 and a Dental Public Health Specialty Degree in 2014 at University of Toronto. He has certification in Dental Public Health from Royal College of Dentists of Canada. He is an Assistant Adjunct Professor in Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta. In 2016, he became the President of the Canadian Association of Public Health Dentistry (CAPHD).

Abstract:

Aim: Emergency department (ED) visits for dental problems not associated with trauma (DPNAT) represent inappropriate utilization of health care resources increasing the economic burden on the health care system and affecting the quality of care delivered. The objective of this report is to describe the frequency of ED visits for DPNAT in Alberta, Canada.

Methods: ED visits for DPNAT (January 2011-April 2016) were identified using the codes from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CA). The data were gathered from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) database and from the Alberta Real Time Syndromic Surveillance Net (ARTSSN). The information gathered was related to the primary diagnosis of the discharge disposition of the visits.

Results: A total of 147,357 ED visits for DPNAT in Alberta. The visits were made by 111,362 individuals representing 1.3 visits per person. The most prevalent primary diagnosis of ED visits for DPNAT was for diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K04), such as periapical abscess, 45.0% of the visits, followed by disorders of teeth and supporting structures (K08), such as toothache (18.8%). The majority of the visits were made by patients from 20 to 44 years old (52.2%). ED visits for dental problems were more common than other general health conditions such as diabetes and asthma.

Conclusion: The frequency of ED visits for DPNAT suggests barriers faced by the population in accessing dental care resources especially for urgent dental issues. Policy efforts and political will are needed to provide alternative options for seeking emergency dental care.

Biography:

Julietta V. Rau is Head of the Research Group at Institute of Structure of Matter-Italian National Research Council, Rome. She is an Author of more than 110 publications in international journals. She is Chair and Organizer of the biennial BioMaH “Biomaterials for Healthcare” international conference, member of international scientific committees of various international conferences and Editorial Board Member of several international journals. Her research interests include “Innovative biomaterials for regenerative medicine, bioactive nanostructured coatings for dental implants and cements for hard tissue applications”.

Abstract:

For early biomaterials, it was required to have a combination of physicochemical properties, suitable to replace human body tissues and to be biologically inert. Recent advances in cellular proteomics and genomics paved the way to the 4^th generation of biomaterials, known as biomimetic and smart, and to their application in regenerative medicine. Titanium is extensively used for dental implants due to its outstanding mechanical characteristics and acceptable biocompatibility. However, properties of (metal implant/native hard tissue) interface can be improved, if titanium is properly treated and/or coated by bioactive materials, with the scope to optimize the long-term characteristics of implant and to elicit an improved cellular response. Among bulk materials, scaffolds, coatings and cements, doped calcium phosphates and glass-ceramics are investigated. Substituted calcium phosphates can endow coatings with particular properties from antibacterial to the magnetic one whereas, the focus point of bioactive glass-ceramic materials is their ability to continuously exchange ions with physiological liquids and to release appropriate trace elements stimulating cellular response, aimed to activate genes responsible for osteogenesis and tissue regeneration. The results of the present study suggest that novel nanostructured coatings can be particularly relevant for new strategies in tissue regeneration and replacement, ensuring necessary structural, chemical, morphological and mechanical characteristics, and improving the osseointegration of dental implants. Following the requirements of the modern biomedical technology, the novel research strategies in biomaterials field are nowadays directed towards biomaterials possessing characteristics suitable for drug delivery and for the controlled release of active principles, especially against infections.